Ruth Wedgewood is Edward B.Burling Professor of International Law and Diplomacy, Johns Hopkins University. She served on the US Secretary of State’s advisory committees on private and public international law and on the CIA historical review panel; US delegate to the UN Human Rights Committee (Geneva and New York, 2003–11); was independent expert for UN criminal tribunal for the former Yugoslavia; former director of studies at Hague Academy for International Law, and tenured professor at Yale Law School; named Berlin Prize Fellow of the American Academy; was vice president of the American Society of International Law, and is on the board of editors for American Journal of International Law, Journal of Strategic Studies, American Interest, World Policy Journal, National Defense University Prism and National Interest.